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   <titleStmt><title>To Himself, in the Plague Year</title><author>Petrarch, Letters in Verse 1.14, “To Himself,” edited by Domenico Rossetti (1831)</author><editor>Hearth Interactive</editor></titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt><publisher>Hearth Library</publisher><ptr target="https://hearthinteractive.com/library/sources/oial-p14"/></publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc><bibl>Domenico Rossetti, ed., Poesie minori del Petrarca sul testo latino ora corretto, vol. 2 (Milan: Società tipografica de’ classici italiani, 1831), “Epistolarum liber I, epistola XIV: Ad seipsum,” pp. 80–84. Digital text: Internet Archive item bub_gb_EKsDq9lC3OQC (Google-digitized copy), OCR text, extracted by code. Not yet read against the page images. The facing Italian verse translation and the editor’s notes are not copied. Author’s text only.</bibl></sourceDesc>
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  <profileDesc><langUsage><language ident="la">Latin (verse)</language></langUsage></profileDesc>
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  <listPerson><person xml:id="x-person_jupiter"><persName>Jupiter</persName><note>The chief god of the Romans, identified with the Greek Zeus. At Tusculum he was worshiped as Maius.</note></person><person xml:id="x-person_the-fates"><persName>the Fates (Parcae)</persName><note>The three goddesses of Roman myth who spin, measure and cut the thread of each person's life.</note></person></listPerson>

  <listPlace><place xml:id="x-place_italy"><placeName>Italy</placeName><location><geo>44.5 10.5</geo></location></place><place xml:id="x-place_france"><placeName>France</placeName><location><geo>46.6 2.4</geo></location></place></listPlace>
  <list type="ideas-and-dates"><item xml:id="x-idea_burial">burial and the dead <note>How the dead were buried, mourned or left unburied: graves and funeral rites, and what became of them when an epidemic overwhelmed the living.</note></item><item xml:id="x-idea_rich-and-poor">rich and poor <note>Wealth, poverty and rank: whether an epidemic struck rich and poor alike, and how money and standing shaped who was helped, served or welcomed.</note></item><item xml:id="x-idea_divine-punishment">divine punishment and testing <note>The belief that God or the gods sent disease to punish wrongdoing or to test the faithful.</note></item><item xml:id="x-idea_corrupted-air">corrupted air <note>The belief that disease spread through foul or poisoned air, often from rot or swamps.</note></item><item xml:id="x-idea_fear-and-flight">fear and flight <note>How people met an epidemic: with fear and despair, by shunning the sick, or by fleeing the town.</note></item></list>
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   <ab xml:id="x-1" n="1">Heu mihi quid patior? qua me violenta retorquent
Fata retro? Video pereuntia tempora mundi
Praecipiti transire fuga, moventia circum
Agmina conspicio iuvenumque senumque; nec usquam
Tuta patet statio, non toto portus in orbe
Panditur, optatae non spes patet ulla salutis.</ab>
   <ab xml:id="x-2" n="2"><term ref="#x-idea_burial">Funera crebra</term> quidem, quocunque paventia flecto
Lumina, conturbant aciem: perplexa feretris
Templa gemunt, passimque simul sine honore cadaver
<term ref="#x-idea_rich-and-poor">Nobile plebeiumque</term> iacet. Subit ultima vitae
Hora animum; casusque meos meminisse coactus,
Heu! charos abiisse greges, et amica retracto
Colloquia, et dulces subito vanescere vultus,
Telluremque sacram assiduis non deesse sepulchris.</ab>
   <ab xml:id="x-3" n="3">Hoc gemit <placeName ref="#x-place_italy">Italiae</placeName> populus tot mortibus impar;
Hoc exhausta viris defectaque <placeName ref="#x-place_france">Gallia</placeName> plorat;
Hoc aliae, quocunque iacent sub sydere, gentes.</ab>
   <ab xml:id="x-4" n="4">Sive est <term ref="#x-idea_divine-punishment">ira Dei</term>, quod crimina nostra mereri
Certe ego crediderim, seu sola iniuria coeli,
Natura variante vices. Hic pestifer annus
Humano generi incubuit, flendumque minatur
Excidium, mortique favet <term ref="#x-idea_corrupted-air">densissimus aer</term>.
Saevus ab infecto prospectat <persName ref="#x-person_jupiter">Iupiter</persName> axe;
Inde pluit morbos et tristia funera terris,
Staminaque immites properant abrumpere <persName ref="#x-person_the-fates">Parcae</persName>,
Omnia, si possent, pariter; vereorque superne
Quod cupiunt ne posse datum: tot pallida vulgi
Ora videns miseri, tot Tartara nigra petentes.</ab>
   <ab xml:id="x-5" n="5">Haec meditans, fateor, trepido, mortisque propinquae
Auguror insidias; ubi nam caput abdere possim,
Nec mare, nec tellus, nec opacis saxa cavernis
Ostendunt <term ref="#x-idea_fear-and-flight">profugo</term>; quoniam mors omnia vincit,
Inque parum tutas venit impetuosa latebras.</ab>
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  <div type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <ab n="1" corresp="#x-1">Alas, what am I suffering? Where are the violent fates dragging me back? I see the dying days of the world rush past in headlong flight. All around me I see crowds of young and old on the move. Nowhere is there a safe place to stop. No harbor opens anywhere in the world, and there is no hope of the safety I long for.</ab>
   <ab n="2" corresp="#x-2">Wherever I turn my frightened eyes, funeral after funeral troubles my sight. The churches groan, crowded with coffins. Everywhere the bodies of nobles and commoners lie together, without honor. The last hour of life comes into my mind. I am forced to remember what has befallen me. Alas, I think of the dear company of friends now gone, of our friendly talks, of beloved faces suddenly vanishing, and of the holy ground that never lacks new graves.</ab>
   <ab n="3" corresp="#x-3">The people of Italy groan at this, too weak for so many deaths. France, drained of men and worn out, weeps at it, and so do other nations, under whatever star they lie.</ab>
   <ab n="4" corresp="#x-4">Perhaps it is the anger of God, and I would surely believe our crimes deserve it. Or perhaps it is only some harm from the sky, as nature changes its course. This deadly year has fallen on the human race. It threatens a destruction to weep over, and the thick air favors death. Savage Jupiter looks down from an infected sky. From there he rains down sickness and grim deaths on the earth. The cruel Fates hurry to cut the threads of life, all of them at once, if they could. When I see so many pale faces among the wretched common people, and so many heading for black Tartarus, I fear that heaven has given them the power to do what they want.</ab>
   <ab n="5" corresp="#x-5">As I think about these things, I admit, I tremble. I sense death lying in wait for me, close by. Where can I hide my head? Neither sea nor land nor rocks with shady caves offer a refuge to someone running away. Death conquers everything, and it bursts into hiding places that are never safe enough.</ab>
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