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Al-Masudi

A historian and traveler from Baghdad, whose Meadows of Gold Ibn Khaldun took as the model for describing the state of the world.

d. c. 956

As If the Whole World Had Changed

Ibn Khaldun, the Muqaddimah (Introduction to History), 1377 · 1377, revised later (the plague of 1348–1349)

1

ولنذكر هنا فائدة نختم كلامنا في هذا الفصل بها وهي أن التاريخ إنما هو ذكر الأخبار الخاصة بعصر أو جيل فأما ذكر الأحوال الملمة للآفاق والأجيال والأعصار فهو أس للمؤرخ تنبني عليه أكثر مقاصده وتتبين به أخباره وقد كان الناس يفردونه بالتأليف كما فعله المسعودي في كتاب مروج الذهب شرح فيه أحوال الأمم والآفاق لعهده في عصر الثلاثين والثلاثمائة غربا وشرقا وذكر نحلهم وعوائدهم ووصف البلدان والجبال والبحار والممالك والدول وفرق شعوب العرب والعجم فصار إماما للمؤرخين يرجعون إليه وأصلا يقولون في تحقيق الكثير من أخبارهم عليه ثم جاء البكري من بعده ففعل مثل ذلك في المسالك والممالك خاصة دون غيرها من الأحوال لأن الأمم والأجيال لعهده لم يقع فيها كثير انتقال ولا عظيم تغير

Let me close this section with one more useful point. History is the record of events that belong to a particular age or generation. But a description of the general state of the world’s regions, peoples, and ages is the foundation on which a historian builds most of his work, and it makes his accounts clear. Writers used to give it books of their own. Al-Masudi did so in The Meadows of Gold. There he set out the state of the nations and regions of west and east in his own time, around the year 330 [941–942]. He told of their religions and customs, and described the countries, mountains, seas, kingdoms, and dynasties, and the branches of the Arab and non-Arab peoples. He became a model for historians, who turn to him and rely on him to check much of what they report. After him came al-Bakri, who did the same, but only for routes and kingdoms, leaving out everything else. In his day the nations and peoples had not seen many migrations or great changes.