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People

Atahualpa

Son of Huayna Capac, who fought his brother Huascar for the Inca throne. The Spaniards captured him in 1532 and forced him to pay a vast ransom in gold.

The Lady of Cofitachequi, 1540

A Gentleman of Elvas, True Relation of the Hardships … in the Discovery of the Province of Florida (Évora, 1557), as reprinted by the Royal Academy of Sciences, Lisbon (1844) · printed 1557 (events of late April and May 1540)

8

A todos pareceo bẽ pouoarẽ aqlla terra por estar ẽ boa paragẽ: que se se pouoara todolos nauios da Noua Espanha e do Peru e Sancta Marta, e Terra firme, indo pera a Espanha lhes vinha bẽ fazer ali escala: porq he por alli seu caminho: e por ser boa terra e aparelhada pera fazer proveito. Ho gouernador como seu intẽto era buscar outro tesouro como ho d'Tabalipa senor do Peru, nã se quis cõtẽtar cõ boa terra nẽ cõ Perlas em caso q muitas dellas a peso de ouro valiã: e se se a terra repartira as que os indios depois pescaram valerã mais; porq as q tinham por as furarem cõ fogo lhe fazia perder sua cor.

Everyone thought it good to settle that land, because it lay in a good position. If it were settled, all the ships from New Spain, Peru, Santa Marta and Tierra Firme could put in there on the way to Spain, since their route passes that way. It was also good land, fit for making a profit. But the governor's aim was to find another treasure like that of Tabalipa, lord of Peru. He would not be content with good land or with pearls, though many of them were worth their weight in gold. If the land had been divided among settlers, the pearls the Indians fished later would have been worth more. The ones they had lost their color because the Indians bored the holes with fire.

Inca Storehouses and the Palaces of Tumebamba

Pedro de Cieza de León, Chronicle of Peru, part 1 (Seville, 1553), chapter 44: the storehouses and palaces of Tumebamba · printed at Seville, 1553 (Cieza passed through Tumebamba in the late 1540s)

44.12

Algunos indios quieren decir que mas hacen esto por la gran falta que tienen de hombres y abundancia de mujeres, por causa de la gran crueldad que hizo Atabaliba en los naturales desta provincia al tiempo que entró en ella, despues de haber en el pueblo de Ambato muerto y desbaratado al capitan general de Guascar inga, su hermano, llamado Atoco. Que afirman que, no embargante que salieron los hombres y niños con ramos verdes y hojas de palma á pedirle misericordia, con rostro airado, acompañado de gran severidad, mandó á sus gentes y capitanes de guerra que los matasen á todos; y asi, fueron muertos gran número de hombres y niños, segun que yo trato en la tercera parte desta historia. Por lo cual los que agora son vivos dicen que hay quince veces mas mujeres que hombres.

Some Indians say they do this mostly because they have so few men and so many women. This, they say, comes from the great cruelty Atabaliba showed the people of this province when he entered it. He had just defeated and killed his brother Guascar Inga's captain general, named Atoco, at the town of Ambato. They say that the men and children came out with green branches and palm leaves to beg him for mercy. But with an angry face and great severity, he ordered his men and war captains to kill them all. And so a great number of men and children were killed, as I tell in the third part of this history. Because of this, those now living say there are fifteen times as many women as men.