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Syria

The lands of the eastern Mediterranean around Damascus and Aleppo.

Today: Syria

After the Mortality: Florence, 1348

Matteo Villani, Chronicle, book 1, edited by Francesco Gherardi Dragomanni (1846) · begun soon after 1348 (events of 1346–1350)

7

E nell’ultimo di questo tempo s’aggiunse alle nazioni del Mare maggiore, e alle ripe del Mare tirreno, nella Soria e Turchia, e in verso lo Egitto e la riviera del Mar rosso, e dalla parte settentrionale la Rossia e la Grecia, e l’Erminia e l’altre conseguenti provincie. E in quello tempo galee d’italiani si partirono del Mare maggiore, e della Soria e di Romania per fuggire la morte, e recare le loro mercatanzie in Italia: e’ non poterono cansare, che gran parte di loro non morisse in mare di quella infermità. E arrivati in Cicilia conversaro co’ paesani, e lasciarvi di loro malati, onde incontanente si cominciò quella pestilenzia ne’ Ciciliani. E venendo le dette galee a Pisa, e poi a Genova, per la conversazione di quegli uomini cominciò la mortalità ne’ detti luoghi, ma non generale. Poi conseguendo il tempo ordinato da Dio a’ paesi, la Cicilia tutta fu involta in questa mortale pestilenzia.

Toward the end of that time it reached the peoples of the Great Sea and the shores of the Tyrrhenian Sea, in Syria and Turkey, toward Egypt and the coast of the Red Sea, and to the north Russia, Greece, Armenia, and the lands beyond. At that time Italian galleys left the Great Sea, Syria, and Romania to flee death and bring their goods to Italy. They could not keep a great part of their crews from dying of the sickness at sea. When they arrived in Sicily they mixed with the people there and left some of their sick behind, and at once the pestilence began among the Sicilians. When the galleys came to Pisa and then to Genoa, the mortality began in those places through contact with those men, but it did not become general. Then, when the time God had set for each country came, all Sicily was caught up in this deadly pestilence.

Opening day of the great sale

Émile Zola, Au Bonheur des Dames (The Ladies’ Delight), a novel, 1883; from the Paris printing of 1895 · published 1883 (written 1882; the story is set in October 1864)

5.2

D'abord, au plafond, étaient tendus des tapis de Smyrne, dont les dessins compliqués se détachaient sur des fonds rouges. Puis, des quatre côtés, pendaient des portières : les portières de Karamanie et de Syrie, zébrées de vert, de jaune et de vermillon; les portières de Diarbékir, plus communes, rudes à la main, comme des sayons de berger; et encore des tapis pouvant servir de tentures, les longs tapis d'Hispahan, de Téhéran et de Kermancha, les tapis plus larges de Schoumaka et de Madras, floraison étrange de pivoines et de palmes, fantaisie lâchée dans le jardin du rêve.

First, carpets from Smyrna were stretched across the ceiling, their complicated patterns standing out on red backgrounds. Then door curtains hung on all four sides. There were curtains from Karamania and Syria, striped with green, yellow, and vermilion, and plainer ones from Diarbékir, rough to the touch like shepherds' cloaks. There were carpets that could serve as wall hangings too: long carpets from Hispahan, Tehran, and Kermancha, and wider ones from Schoumaka and Madras. They were a strange blossoming of peonies and palms, a fantasy let loose in a garden of dreams.