Cochineal
A red dye made from insects that feed on the prickly pear cactus, sold in the market of Tlatelolco. Spain later shipped it to Europe in great quantities.
Moctezuma's Table and the Market of Tlatelolco
Bernal Díaz del Castillo, True History of the Conquest of New Spain, chapters 91–92 (fair copy 1568): Moctezuma's meals and the market of Tlatelolco · written in Guatemala, finished in a fair copy in 1568 (describes November 1519)
pã que gasto yo tantas palabras, de lo q̃ vendian En aquella gran plaça porques para no acavar tan presto de contar por menudo todas las cosas, sino que papel, que En esta trra llaman amal, y vnos cañutos de olores, con liquidanbar, llenos de tabaco, y otros vnguentos amarillos y cosas deste arte, vendian por si, e vendian mucha grana debajo los portales, que Estavan En aquella gran plaça, avia muchos erbolarios y mercaderias de otra manera y tenian alli sus casas a donde juzgavan tres juezes, y otros como alguaziles, Esecutores, que miravan las mercaderias.
But why do I spend so many words on what they sold in that great square? I would never finish if I told every thing in detail. I will say only that paper, which in this land they call amal, and reed tubes of perfume with liquidambar, filled with tobacco, and yellow ointments and such things, were sold by themselves. Much cochineal was sold under the arcades of that great square. There were many sellers of healing herbs, and goods of other kinds. And they had buildings there where three judges sat in judgment, and others like constables, who inspected the goods.