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Turkeys

Large birds first raised for food in Mexico. Spaniards called them gallos de papada, cocks with wattles, and saw them in Moctezuma's kitchens and in the markets.

Moctezuma's Table and the Market of Tlatelolco

Bernal Díaz del Castillo, True History of the Conquest of New Spain, chapters 91–92 (fair copy 1568): Moctezuma's meals and the market of Tlatelolco · written in Guatemala, finished in a fair copy in 1568 (describes November 1519)

91.1

En el comer, le tenian sus cozineros, sobre treynta maneras de guisados, hechos a su manera E vsança y tenianlos puestos En braseros de barro chicos debaxo porq̃ no se Enfriasen, E de aquello quel gran montezuma avia de comer, guisavan mas de trezientos platos, sin mas de mill, para la gente de guarda, y quando avia de comer, saliase El montezuma algunas vezes con sus prinçipales, E mayordomos, y le señalavan qual guisado Era mejor, E de que aves, E cosas estava guisado, y de lo que le dezian de aquello avia de comer, E quando salia a lo ver, eran pocas vezes, E como por pasatienpo. oy dezir que le solyan guisar carnes de muchachos de poca hedad, y como tenia tantas diversidades de guisados, y de tantas Cosas, no lo hechavamos de ver si hera de carne vmana o de otras cosas porque cotidianamente le guisavan gallinas, gallos de papada, faysanes, perdizes de la tierra, codornizes, patos manzos E bravos, benado, puerco de la trra, pajaritos de caña, e palomas, y liebres, y conexos, y muchas maneras de aves, E cosas que se crian En estas tierras, que son tantas, que no las acabare de nonbrar tan presto, E ansi no miramos En ello, mas se que çiertamente, desque nro capitan le rreprehendia el sacrifiçio, y comer de carne vmana, que desde Entonçes mando que no le guisasen tal manjar

For his meals, his cooks made more than thirty kinds of dishes, prepared in their own way and style. They set them on small clay braziers so that they would not get cold. Of the food the great Montezuma was to eat, they cooked more than three hundred plates, besides more than a thousand for the men of his guard. When it was time to eat, Montezuma sometimes went out with his chief men and stewards. They showed him which dish was best, and what birds and other things it was made of, and he ate what they advised. But he went out to look at the food only rarely, and as a kind of pastime. I heard it said that they used to cook him the flesh of young boys. But he had so many different dishes, made of so many things, that we could not tell whether it was human flesh or something else. For every day they cooked him hens, turkeys, pheasants, native partridges, quail, tame and wild ducks, venison, wild pig, little reed birds, pigeons, hares, rabbits, and many kinds of birds and other creatures raised in these lands. There are so many that I could not finish naming them quickly. So we did not look into it. But I know for certain that after our captain rebuked him for the sacrifices and for eating human flesh, he ordered that such food no longer be cooked for him.

92.3

pasemos adelante y digamos de los que vendian frisoles y chia, y otras legunbres, E yervas, a otra parte, vamos a los que vendian gallinas, gallos de papada, conexos liebres benados y anadones perrillos y otras cosas deste arte, a su parte de la plaça. digamos de las fruteras, de las que vendian cosas cozidas, maça morreras y malcoçinado, tanbien a su parte, pues todo genero de loça, hecha de mill maneras, desde tinajas grandes, y xarrillos chicos questavan por si, aparte y tanbien los q̃ vendian miel y melcochas, y otras golosinas que hazian como nuegados, pues los q̃ vendian madera, tablas, cunas, E vigas E tajos y vancos, y todo por si.

Let us go on and speak of those who sold beans, chia, and other vegetables and herbs, in another part. Let us go to those who sold hens, turkeys, rabbits, hares, deer, ducks, little dogs, and other such things, in their part of the square. Let us speak of the women who sold fruit, and the women who sold cooked food, porridge and tripe, also in their own part. Then there was every kind of pottery, made in a thousand shapes, from great jars to little jugs, set apart by itself. There were also those who sold honey, honey paste, and other sweets they made, like nougat. And there were those who sold wood, boards, cradles, beams, chopping blocks, and benches, each by itself.