Hearth Interactive

Ideas

Masks

Gauze masks over the nose and mouth, which health officials in the United States and Japan urged people to wear during the influenza epidemics of 1918–1920.

The Government Explains the Flu, 1918

U.S. Public Health Service (Rupert Blue, Surgeon General), “Spanish Influenza,” “Three-Day Fever,” “The Flu” (1918) · September 28, 1918

20

Nurses and attendants will do well to guard against breathing in dangerous disease germs by wearing a simple fold of gauze or mask while near the patient.

Nurses and attendants will do well to guard against breathing in dangerous disease germs by wearing a simple fold of gauze or mask while near the patient.

Mask

Kikuchi Kan, “Mask,” Kaizō, July 1920 · July 1920 (events of the winter of 1919–20 and the spring of 1920)

27

自分は、極力外出しないようにした。妻も女中も、成るべく外出させないようにした。そして朝夕には過酸化水素水で、含嗽をした。止むを得ない用事で、外出するときには、ガーゼを沢山詰めたマスクを掛けた。そして、出る時と帰った時に叮嚀に含嗽をした。

I went out as little as possible. I kept my wife and the maid from going out as much as I could. Morning and evening I gargled with hydrogen peroxide. When I had to go out on business that could not be helped, I wore a mask stuffed with plenty of gauze. And I gargled carefully when I left and when I came home.

30

三月に、入ってから、寒さが一日々々と、引いて行くに従って、感冒の脅威も段々衰えて行った。もうマスクを掛けて居る人は殆どなかった。が、自分はまだマスクを除けなかった。

In March, as the cold eased day by day, the threat of influenza slowly faded too. Hardly anyone wore a mask anymore. But I still did not take mine off.

31

「病気を怖れないで、伝染の危険を冒すなどと云うことは、それは野蛮人の勇気だよ。病気を怖れて伝染の危険を絶対に避けると云う方が、文明人としての勇気だよ。誰も、もうマスクを掛けて居ないときに、マスクを掛けて居るのは変なものだよ。が、それは臆病でなくして、文明人としての勇気だと思うよ。」

“To have no fear of illness and run the risk of infection—that’s the courage of a savage. To fear illness and avoid every risk of infection is the courage of a civilized man. I know it looks odd to wear a mask when no one else does anymore. But I think that’s not cowardice. It’s the courage of a civilized man.”

33

三月の終頃まで、自分はマスクを捨てなかった。もう、流行性感冒は、都会の地を離れて、山間僻地へ行ったと云うような記事が、時々新聞に出た。が、自分はまだマスクを捨てなかった。もう殆ど誰も付けて居る人はなかった。が、偶に停留場で待ち合わして居る乗客の中に、一人位黒い布片で、鼻口を掩うて居る人を見出した。自分は、非常に頼もしい気がした。ある種の同志であり、知己であるような気がした。自分は、そう云う人を見付け出すごとに、自分一人マスクを付けて居ると云う、一種のてれくさゝから救われた。自分が、真の意味の衛生家であり、生命を極度に愛惜する点に於て一個の文明人であると云ったような、誇をさえ感じた。

I did not give up my mask until near the end of March. By then the newspapers ran stories now and then saying the influenza had left the cities and gone off into remote mountain districts. But I still did not give up my mask. Hardly anyone else wore one by now. But once in a while, among the passengers waiting at a streetcar stop, I would find one person with nose and mouth covered by a black cloth. That made me feel very reassured. He seemed a kind of comrade, a kindred spirit. Each time I found someone like that, I was saved from the embarrassment of being the only one in a mask. I even felt a kind of pride, as if I were a true follower of hygiene, a civilized man who valued life to the utmost.

37

その日は快晴と云ってもよいほど、よく晴れて居た。青葉に掩われて居る目白台の高台が、見る目に爽やかだった。自分は、終点で電車を捨てると、裏道を運動場の方へ行った。此の辺の地理は可なりよく判って居た。自分が、ちょうど運動場の周囲の柵に沿うて、入場口の方へ急いで居たときだった。ふと、自分を追い越した二十三四ばかりの青年があった。自分はふと、その男の横顔を見た。見るとその男は思いがけなくも、黒いマスクを掛けて居るのだった。自分はそれを見たときに、ある不愉快な激動を受けずには居られなかった。それと同時に、その男に明かな憎悪を感じた。その男が、なんとなく小憎らしかった。その黒く突き出て居る黒いマスクから、いやな妖怪的な醜さをさえ感じた。

The weather was so clear you could call it perfect. The heights of Mejirodai, covered in fresh green leaves, were refreshing to see. I got off the streetcar at the last stop and took a back street toward the ballpark. I knew the area quite well. I was hurrying along the fence around the grounds toward the entrance when a young man of about twenty-three or twenty-four passed me. I happened to glance at his face from the side. To my surprise, he was wearing a black mask. When I saw it, I could not help feeling an unpleasant shock. At the same moment I felt plain hatred for him. Somehow he seemed thoroughly annoying. In that black mask jutting out from his face I even saw a nasty, monstrous ugliness.

38

此の男が、不快だった第一の原因は、こんなよい天気の日に、此の男に依って、感冒の脅威を想起させられた事に違なかった。それと同時に、自分が、マスクを付けて居るときは、偶にマスクを付けて居る人に、逢うことが嬉しかったのに、自分がそれを付けなくなると、マスクを付けて居る人が、不快に見えると云う自己本位的な心持も交って居た。が、そうした心持よりも、更にこんなことを感じた。自分がある男を、不快に思ったのは、強者に対する弱者の反感ではなかったか。あんなに、マスクを付けることに、熱心だった自分迄が、時候の手前、それを付けることが、どうにも気恥しくなって居る時に、勇敢に傲然とマスクを付けて、数千の人々の集まって居る所へ、押し出して行く態度は、可なり徹底した強者の態度ではあるまいか。とにかく自分が世間や時候の手前、やり兼ねて居ることを、此の青年は勇敢にやって居るのだと思った。此の男を不快に感じたのは、此の男のそうした勇気に、圧迫された心持ではないかと自分は思った。

The main reason he annoyed me must have been that, on such a fine day, he reminded me of the threat of influenza. Mixed in, too, was a selfish feeling. When I wore a mask, I had been glad to meet the rare person who wore one too; now that I had stopped, people in masks looked unpleasant to me. But beyond those feelings I sensed something more. Was my dislike of this man the resentment the weak feel toward the strong? Even I, who had been so eager to wear a mask, now felt too embarrassed to wear one, because of the season. And here he was, boldly and proudly wearing his mask, pushing his way into a place where thousands of people had gathered. Wasn’t that the attitude of a truly strong man? At any rate, I thought, this young man was bravely doing what I could not bring myself to do, because of the season and what people would think. I wondered whether I disliked him because I felt crushed by his courage.