Spain

E l’Affrica nelle marine, e nelle sue provincie di verso levante, e le rive del nostro Mare tirreno. E venendo di tempo in tempo verso il ponente, comprese la Sardigna, e la Corsica, e l’altre isole di questo mare; e dall’altra parte, ch’è detta Europa, per simigliante modo aggiunse alle parti vicine verso il ponente, volgendosi verso il mezzogiorno con più aspro assalimento che sotto le parti settentrionali. E negli anni di Cristo 1348 ebbe infetta tutta Italia, salvo che la città di Milano, e certi circustanti all’Alpi, che dividono l’Italia dall’Alamagna, ove gravò poco. E in questo medesimo anno cominciò a passare le montagne, e stendersi in Proenza, e in Savoia, e nel Dalfinato, e in Borgogna, e per la marina di Marsilia e d’Acquamorta, e per la Catalogna, e nell’isola di Maiolica, e in Ispagna e in Granata. E nel 1349 ebbe compreso fino nel ponente, le rive del Mare oceano, d’Europa e d’Affrica e d’Irlanda, e l’isola d’Inghilterra e di Scozia, e l’altre isole di ponente, e tutto infra terra con quasi eguale mortalità salvo in Brabante ove poco offese. E nel 1350 premette gli Alamanni, e gli Ungheri, Frigia, Danesmarche, Gotti, e Vandali, e gli altri popoli e nazioni settentrionali.

It took in the coasts of Africa and its eastern lands, and the shores of our Tyrrhenian Sea. Moving westward over time, it took in Sardinia, Corsica, and the other islands of this sea. On the other side, called Europe, it reached the nearby lands to the west in the same way, striking the south more fiercely than the north. In the year of Christ 1348 it had infected all Italy except the city of Milan and some places near the Alps, which divide Italy from Germany; there it weighed lightly. That same year it began to cross the mountains and spread into Provence, Savoy, the Dauphiné, and Burgundy, along the coast at Marseille and Aigues-Mortes, and into Catalonia, the island of Majorca, Spain, and Granada. By 1349 it had reached the shores of the Ocean in the far west, in Europe, Africa, and Ireland, the islands of England and Scotland, and the other western islands. Inland, too, the mortality was almost equal everywhere, except in Brabant, where it did little harm. In 1350 it bore down on the Germans, the Hungarians, Frisia, Denmark, the Goths and Vandals, and the other peoples and nations of the north.

Dicta autem mortalitas, ut dicitur, inter incredulos inchoavit, deinde ad Italiam venit; postea montes pertransiens ad Avinionem accessit, ubi etiam aliquos dominos cardinales invasit; totam familiam abstulit tunc ab eis. Deinde per Vasconiam et Hispaniam paulative de villa ad villam, de vico ad vicum, et ultimo de domo ad domum, imo de persona ad personam inopinate ad has partes gallicanas accedens, usque ad Alemanniam transivit, minus tamen ad ipsos quam ad nos.

This mortality began, people say, among the unbelievers, and then came to Italy. Next it crossed the mountains and reached Avignon, where it struck some of the lord cardinals and carried off their whole households. Then it moved little by little through Gascony and Spain, from town to town, from village to village, then from house to house, and even from person to person. It came unexpectedly to these parts of France and passed on into Germany, though it hit them less hard than us.

Hay todas las maneras de verduras que se fallan, especialmente cebollas, puerros, ajos, mastuerzo, berros, borrajas, acederas y cardos y tagarninas. Hay frutas de muchas maneras, en que hay cerezas y ciruelas que son semejables á las de España. Venden miel de abejas y cera y miel de cañas de maíz, que son tan melosas y dulces como las de azúcar, y miel de unas plantas que llaman en las otras islas maguey, que es muy mejor que arrope; y destas plantas facen azúcar y vino, que asimismo venden.

There is every kind of vegetable to be found, above all onions, leeks, garlic, cress, watercress, borage, sorrel, and two kinds of thistle. There are many kinds of fruit, among them cherries and plums like those of Spain. They sell bees' honey and wax, and honey from maize stalks, which are as sweet and full of syrup as sugarcane. They also sell honey from a plant that in the islands is called maguey, which is much better than grape syrup. From these plants they make sugar and wine, and they sell those too.

Hay á vender muchas maneras de filado de algodon de todas colores en sus madejicas, que parece propriamente alcaicería de Granada en las sedas, aunque esto otro es en mucha mas cantidad. Venden colores para pintores cuantas se pueden hallar en España, y de tan excelentes matices cuanto pueden ser. Venden cueros de venado con pelo y sin él, teñidos, blancos y de diversas colores. Venden mucha loza, en gran manera muy buena, venden muchas vasijas de tinajas grandes y pequeñas, jarros, ollas ladrillos y otras infinitas maneras de vasijas, todas de singular barro, todas ó las mas vedriadas y pintadas.

Many kinds of spun cotton are for sale, of every color, in little skeins. It looks just like the silk market of Granada, except that here there is far more. They sell as many painters' colors as can be found in Spain, in the finest shades there could be. They sell deerskins, with the hair and without, dyed, white, and of other colors. They sell a great deal of pottery, exceedingly fine. They sell many vessels: storage jars large and small, jugs, cooking pots, bricks, and countless other kinds. All are made of excellent clay, and all or most of them are glazed and painted.

Neste pouo se achou hum punhal e cõtas d'xpãos e dissera os indios q auia estado no porto q duas jornadas dalli estaua e q auia ja muitos anos q foy o q alli chegou ho gouernador licenceado Aylhã q aqlla terra hia cõquistar, e ẽ chegando ao porto faleceo e ouue diuisam, brigas e mortes antre alguas pessoas principaes q cõ elle hiã sobre quẽ auia de gouernar: e do porto sem saberẽ nada da terra se tornarã a Espanha.

In this town a dagger and some Christian beads were found. The Indians said that Christians had been at the harbor two days' journey from there. Many years before, the governor, Licentiate Aylhã, had come there to conquer that land. On reaching the harbor he died. Then there were divisions, quarrels and killings among some of the leading men with him over who should govern. They went back to Spain from the harbor without learning anything about the land.

He was a native of this place, & scarce any left alive besids him selfe. He was caried away with diverce others by one Hunt, a mr. of a ship, who thought to sell them for slaves in Spaine; but he got away for England, and was entertained by a marchante in London, & imployed to New-found-land & other parts, & lastly brought hither into these parts by one Mr. Dermer, a gentle-man imployed by Sr. Ferdinando Gorges & others, for discovery, & other designes in these parts.

He was a native of this place, and hardly anyone was left alive besides himself. He had been carried away with several others by one Hunt, a ship's master, who meant to sell them as slaves in Spain. But he got away to England, was taken in by a merchant in London, and was employed in Newfoundland and other parts. At last he was brought back here by one Mr. Dermer, a gentleman employed by Sir Ferdinando Gorges and others for exploration and other plans in these parts.

Con este vino celebran sus fiestas, lloran sus muertes, reciben sus guéspedes, hazen sus sementeras, y las cogen. Y finalmente, no hay ocasión en que se junten, que no sea este el azogue, que los recoge, y la liga que los detiene. Hazen también, aunque no es tan ordinario, otros géneros de vinos, que como tan inclinados á la embriaguez, son como los taures, que nunca les falta de qué echar mano; ellos la echan de qualesquiera fruta silvestre, de que abundan los árboles, que deshechas en agua, la dan con su zumo tal sabor y fuerça, que muchas vezes excede á la cerbeza, bebida tan vsada en todas las Naciones Extranjeras. Guardan estos vinos, vnos en tinajas muy grandes de barro, como las de nuestra España; otros en pipas pequeñas, que labran de vna pieça, de socabados troncos, y otros en vasijas grandes que texen de yemas dándolas por dentro y fuera tal betún, que no se les pierde gota de licor que en ellas recogen.

With this wine they celebrate their feasts, mourn their dead, welcome their guests, and plant and harvest their fields. In short, whenever they gather, this drink is the quicksilver that draws them together and the birdlime that holds them there. They also make other kinds of wine, though less often. Being so fond of drinking, they are like gamblers, who always find something to play with. They make it from any wild fruit, and the trees are full of them. The fruit, broken up in water, gives the water such flavor and strength that it is often better than beer, the drink so common in foreign nations. They keep these wines in different ways. Some keep them in very large clay jars, like those in our Spain. Others use small casks carved in one piece from hollowed trunks. Others use large woven vessels, coated inside and out with a pitch so good that not a drop of the liquor is lost.

To the office, where Sir W. Batten, Colonel Slingsby, and I sat awhile, and Sir R. Ford coming to us about some business, we talked together of the interest of this kingdom to have a peace with Spain and a war with France and Holland; where Sir R. Ford talked like a man of great reason and experience. And afterwards I did send for a cup of tee (a China drink) of which I never had drank before, and went away.

To the office, where Sir W. Batten, Colonel Slingsby, and I sat awhile. And Sir R. Ford coming to us about some business, we talked together of its being in this kingdom’s interest to have peace with Spain and war with France and Holland, and Sir R. Ford talked like a man of great reason and experience. And afterwards I sent for a cup of tea (a China drink), which I had never drunk before, and went away.

What is Spanish Influenza? Is it something new? Does it come from Spain?

What is Spanish Influenza? Is it something new? Does it come from Spain?

Although the present epidemic is called “Spanish influenza,” there is no reason to believe that it originated in Spain. Some writers who have studied the question believe that the epidemic came from the Orient and they call attention to the fact that the Germans mention the disease as occurring along the eastern front in the summer and fall of 1917.

Although the present epidemic is called “Spanish influenza,” there is no reason to believe that it originated in Spain. Some writers who have studied the question believe that the epidemic came from the Orient and they call attention to the fact that the Germans mention the disease as occurring along the eastern front in the summer and fall of 1917.