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Words · Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek: B

βαδίζω

verb

walk, go Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 2 uses

The Plague at My Country House, and a Life for a Life Aelius Aristides, Sacred Tales II and V · early 170s CE (plague events of the mid-160s, probably 165 or 166)

  • C14… ὀρεωκόμος· οὗτος ἐδόκει μοι ὁρμηθεὶς αὐτόθεν βαδίζειν ὀπίσω, τὰ χρησθέντα ἐπὶ τῇ Φιλουμένῃ σημαίνων, …to walk

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.22.6… γῆν σύμπασαν, ὁδῷ τε ἀεὶ προϊοῦσα καὶ χρόνοις βαδίζουσα τοῖς καθήκουσιν.travelling

βαθύς

adjective

deep Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.22.19ἐπεγίνετο γὰρ τοῖς μὲν κῶμα βαθύ, τοῖς δὲ παραφροσύνη ὀξεῖα, ἑκάτεροί τε τὰ πρὸς …deep

βαίνω

bainō

walk, step, go Drafted; not yet checked.

Relatives of English come

The old sound was g with a w (gw). Germanic made it k (Gothic kwiman, then come, kommen); Latin made it v (venīre) and Greek b (bainō).

Drafted; not yet checked. Play Family Reunion

βαλανωτός

adjective

fastened with a bolt pin Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

A young wife learns to run the house Xenophon, Oeconomicus (Household Management), chapters 7–9 (about 360 BCE), in the edition of E. C. Marchant (Oxford, 1900) · about 360 BCE; the exact year is not known

  • 9.4… ἔδειξα δὲ καὶ τὴν γυναικωνῖτιν αὐτῇ, θύρᾳ βαλανωτῇ ὡρισμένην ἀπὸ τῆς ἀνδρωνίτιδος, ἵνα μήτε …bolted

βάρβαρος

noun

foreign, non-Greek; barbarian Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.23.21… ἐπέσκηψε δὲ καὶ ἐς τὴν Περσῶν γῆν καὶ ἐς βαρβάρους τοὺς ἄλλους ἅπαντας.barbarians

βαρύνω

verb

weigh down, burden Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.64.6… μήτε ἔνδηλοι ἔστε τοῖς παροῦσι πόνοις βαρυνόμενοι, ὡς οἵτινες πρὸς τὰς ξυμφορὰς γνώμῃ μὲν ἥκιστα …weighed down

βασιλεία

noun

kingdom; kingship, royal power Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.23.20… γὰρ ξυνέπεσε βουβῶνα ἐπῆρθαι), ἀλλ’ ἐν πόλει βασιλείαν ἐχούσῃ ξυμπάσης τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἀρχῆς ἱμάτια ἐν …imperial power

βασιλεύς

noun

king; emperor Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 5 uses

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.48.1… καὶ ἐς Αἴγυπτον καὶ Λιβύην κατέβη καὶ ἐς τὴν βασιλέως γῆν τὴν πολλήν.the (Persian) king's

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.23.5… τῇ ἀπορίᾳ ἡμέρας πολλὰς ἀτάφοις εἶναι. Ἔς τε βασιλέα ἡ τοῦ πράγματος πρόνοια,the emperor
  • 2.23.6… ἀποκρίσεσι ταῖς βασιλικαῖς ἐφειστήκει, ἀεὶ τῷ βασιλεῖ τὰς τῶν ἱκετῶν δεήσεις ἀγγέλλων, σημαίνων τε …emperor
  • 2.23.8Θεόδωρος δὲ τά τε βασιλέως διδοὺς χρήματα καὶ τὰ οἰκεῖα προσαναλίσκων τοὺς …emperor's
  • 2.23.20… ἐν Βυζαντίῳ τὸ παράπαν ἰδεῖν, ἄλλως τε ἡνίκα βασιλεῖ νοσῆσαι ξυνέβη (καὶ αὐτῷ γὰρ ξυνέπεσε βουβῶνα …the emperor

βασιλικός

adjective

royal, kingly; imperial Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.23.6… τούτου ἐπιμελεῖσθαι, ὃς δὴ ἀποκρίσεσι ταῖς βασιλικαῖς ἐφειστήκει, ἀεὶ τῷ βασιλεῖ τὰς τῶν ἱκετῶν …imperial

βέλτιστος

adjective

best Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 4 uses

A young wife learns to run the house Xenophon, Oeconomicus (Household Management), chapters 7–9 (about 360 BCE), in the edition of E. C. Marchant (Oxford, 1900) · about 360 BCE; the exact year is not known

  • 7.7… διδάσκοντα καὶ ἐκείνην μανθάνουσαν τὰ βέλτιστα ἀμφοτέροις ἡμῖν. Οὐκοῦν, ἔφην ἐγώ, καὶ ἡ γυνή …best
  • 7.12… τότε βουλευσόμεθα περὶ αὐτῶν ὅπως ὅτι βέλτιστα παιδεύσομεν αὐτά· κοινὸν γὰρ ἡμῖν καὶ τοῦτο …best
  • 7.12… καὶ τοῦτο ἀγαθόν, συμμάχων καὶ γηροβοσκῶν ὅτι βελτίστων τυγχάνειν·best
  • 7.15… καὶ γυναικὸς οὕτω ποιεῖν, ὅπως τά τε ὄντα ὡς βέλτιστα ἕξει καὶ ἄλλα ὅτι πλεῖστα ἐκ τοῦ καλοῦ τε καὶ …best

βελτίων

adjective

better Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

A young wife learns to run the house Xenophon, Oeconomicus (Household Management), chapters 7–9 (about 360 BCE), in the edition of E. C. Marchant (Oxford, 1900) · about 360 BCE; the exact year is not known

  • 7.13… ἀλλ’ ἐκεῖνο εὖ εἰδέναι, ὅτι ὁπότερος ἂν ἡμῶν βελτίων κοινωνὸς ᾖ, οὗτος τὰ πλείονος ἄξια συμβάλλεται.better

βήξ

noun

cough Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.49.3… χρόνῳ κατέβαινεν ἐς τὰ στήθη ὁ πόνος μετὰ βηχὸς ἰσχυροῦ· καὶ ὁπότε ἐς τὴν καρδίαν στηρίξειεν, …cough

βιάζομαι

verb

use force, force, compel Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 2 uses

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.22.24… ἐφιεμένους ὠθοῦντές τε καὶ ἀνθέλκοντες ἐβιάζοντο.forced them
  • 2.23.3… ἐς ἀλλοτρίας θήκας ἐρρίπτουν ἢ λανθάνοντες ἢ βιαζόμενοι· ἔπειτα δὲ πάντα ἐν ἅπασι ξυνεταράχθη.using force

βιβλίον

noun

book, scroll; document Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

The Plague at My Country House, and a Life for a Life Aelius Aristides, Sacred Tales II and V · early 170s CE (plague events of the mid-160s, probably 165 or 166)

  • C22καὶ τἄλλα εἰς ταυτὸν φέροντα ἐνῆν, ἅπαντα ἐν βιβλίοις τισὶν ἐγγεγραμμένα, ἃ πάντα γράψαντος τοῦ …books

βίος

noun

life; way of life; livelihood Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 4 uses

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.53.4… ἣν πρὶν ἐμπεσεῖν εἰκὸς εἶναι τοῦ βίου τι ἀπολαῦσαι.life

A young wife learns to run the house Xenophon, Oeconomicus (Household Management), chapters 7–9 (about 360 BCE), in the edition of E. C. Marchant (Oxford, 1900) · about 360 BCE; the exact year is not known

  • 7.43… τὰς ὡραιότητας, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὰς ἀρετὰς εἰς τὸν βίον τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἐπαύξεται. τοιαῦτα μέν, ὦ …life

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.22.3… εἴη, ἀλλὰ περιεβάλλετο μὲν τὴν γῆν ξύμπασαν, βίους δὲ ἀνθρώπων ἅπαντας ἔβλαψε, καίπερ ἀλλήλων ἐς …lives
  • 2.23.19… ξυμβῆναι δοκεῖν ἀπορίᾳ τῶν ἀναγκαίων τὴν τοῦ βίου καταστροφήν.life

βιόω

verb

live Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 2 uses

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.53.4… οὐδεὶς ἐλπίζων μέχρι τοῦ δίκην γενέσθαι βιοὺς ἂν τὴν τιμωρίαν ἀντιδοῦναι, πολὺ δὲ μείζω τὴν …living

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.22.39… ἢ μόλις τε καὶ ἄσημα φθεγγομένοις βιῶναι.to live

βλάβη

noun

harm, damage Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.65.7… μᾶλλον ἦν, σφαλέντα δὲ τῇ πόλει ἐς τὸν πόλεμον βλάβη καθίστατο.harm

βλάπτω

verb

harm, damage, hinder Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 2 uses

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.51.2… ὠφελεῖν· τὸ γάρ τῳ ξυνενεγκὸν ἄλλον τοῦτο ἔβλαπτεν.harmed

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.22.3… τὴν γῆν ξύμπασαν, βίους δὲ ἀνθρώπων ἅπαντας ἔβλαψε, καίπερ ἀλλήλων ἐς τοὐναντίον παρὰ πολὺ …harmed

βοάω

verb

shout, cry aloud Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

The Plague at My Country House, and a Life for a Life Aelius Aristides, Sacred Tales II and V · early 170s CE (plague events of the mid-160s, probably 165 or 166)

  • B19… παροῦσι, δύο δʼ ἤστην τῶν φίλων καὶ τροφὸς, βοῶν καὶ ὀνομάζων τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν ὅτι ἑστήκοι τε αὕτη …shouting

βοηθέω

verb

help, come to aid Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 2 uses

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.63.1… ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄρχειν, ᾧπερ ἅπαντες ἀγάλλεσθε, βοηθεῖν, καὶ μὴ φεύγειν τοὺς πόνους ἢ μηδὲ τὰς τιμὰς …to support

The Plague at My Country House, and a Life for a Life Aelius Aristides, Sacred Tales II and V · early 170s CE (plague events of the mid-160s, probably 165 or 166)

  • B22… τὸν Ὀδυσσέα καὶ τὸν Τηλέμαχον καὶ δεῖν αὐτῷ βοηθεῖν· καὶ ἄλλα τοιουτότροπα ἤκουσα.to help

βουβών

noun

groin; swollen gland, bubo Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 9 uses

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.22.17… τῇ ἐπιγενομένῃ, ἑτέροις δὲ οὐ πολλαῖς ὕστερον βουβὼν ἐπῆρτο, οὐκ ἐνταῦθα μόνον, ἔνθα καὶ τὸ τοῦ …bubo
  • 2.22.17… σώματος μόριον, ὃ δὴ τοῦ ἤτρου ἔνερθέν ἐστι, βουβὼν κέκληται, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς μάλης ἐντός, ἐνίοις δὲ …groin
  • 2.22.27… κῶμα οὔτε παραφροσύνη ἐνέπεσε, τούτοις δὴ ὅ τε βουβὼν ἐσφακέλιζε καὶ αὐτοὶ ταῖς ὀδύναις οὐκέτι …bubo
  • 2.22.29… ἀγνοίᾳ τό τε τῆς νόσου κεφάλαιον ἐν τοῖς βουβῶσιν ἀποκεκρίσθαι οἰόμενοι, διερευνᾶσθαι τῶν …buboes
  • 2.22.29… τὰ σώματα ἔγνωσαν. καὶ διελόντες τῶν βουβώνων τινάς, ἄνθρακος δεινόν τι χρῆμα ἐμπεφυκὸς …buboes
  • 2.22.37Ὅσοις μὲν οὖν μείζων τε ὁ βουβὼν ᾔρετο καὶ ἐς πύον ἀφῖκτο, τούτοις δὴ περιεῖναι …bubo

βουλεύω

verb

plan, deliberate; decide Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 2 uses

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.64.5… δὲ ἐπὶ μεγίστοις τὸ ἐπίφθονον λαμβάνει, ὀρθῶς βουλεύεται. μῖσος μὲν γὰρ οὐκ ἐπὶ πολὺ ἀντέχει, ἡ δὲ …decides

A young wife learns to run the house Xenophon, Oeconomicus (Household Management), chapters 7–9 (about 360 BCE), in the edition of E. C. Marchant (Oxford, 1900) · about 360 BCE; the exact year is not known

  • 7.12… μὲν οὖν ἂν θεός ποτε διδῷ ἡμῖν γενέσθαι, τότε βουλευσόμεθα περὶ αὐτῶν ὅπως ὅτι βέλτιστα παιδεύσομεν αὐτά· …we shall take counsel

βούλομαι

verb

want, wish; mean Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 5 uses

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.59.3… ἤλπιζε, ξύλλογον ποιήσας (ἔτι δ’ ἐστρατήγει) ἐβούλετο θαρσῦναί τε καὶ ἀπαγαγὼν τὸ ὀργιζόμενον τῆς …wished
  • 2.64.4… ἀπράγμων μέμψαιτ’ ἄν, ὁ δὲ δρᾶν τι καὶ αὐτὸς βουλόμενος ζηλώσει· εἰ δέ τις μὴ κέκτηται, φθονήσει.wishing

The Plague at My Country House, and a Life for a Life Aelius Aristides, Sacred Tales II and V · early 170s CE (plague events of the mid-160s, probably 165 or 166)

  • C9… τινος τῶν μάντεων ἐπελθόντος πυνθάνεσθαι τί βούλοιτο ὁ λυτὴρ, πότερον καθάπαξ λύοι τι ἢ μικρότερον …meant

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.22.18… ἡ διαφορὰ τῶν ξυμπιπτόντων ἐγίνετο, ἢ ὅπη ποτὲ βουλομένῳ εἴη τῷ τὴν νόσον ἐπαγαγόντι.willing
  • 2.23.6… ἀγγέλλων, σημαίνων τε αὖθις ὅσα ἂν αὐτῷ βουλομένῳ εἴη. ῥεφερενδάριον τῇ Λατίνων φωνῇ τὴν τιμὴν …wishing

βοῦς

bous

ox, cow Drafted; not yet checked.

Relatives of English cow

The old g-and-w sound became b in Latin and Greek, but k in English cow.

Drafted; not yet checked. Play Family Reunion

βούτυρον

boútȳron

butter Drafted; not yet checked.

On the way to English butter

  1. Ancient Greek · about 400 BCEβούτυρον boútȳron · butter
  2. Latin · 77 CEbūtȳrum · butter
  3. Old English · about 1000butere · butter
  4. English todaybutter

Drafted; not yet checked against the dictionaries. Play Word Passport

βράγχος

noun

hoarseness, sore throat Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.49.3ἔπειτα ἐξ αὐτῶν πταρμὸς καὶ βράγχος ἐπεγίγνετο, καὶ ἐν οὐ πολλῷ χρόνῳ κατέβαινεν ἐς …hoarseness

βροτολοιγός

adjective

destroyer of men, plague of mortals Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

Where the months got their names Macrobius, Saturnalia 1.12–14 (early fifth century CE), in the edition of Franz Eyssenhardt (Leipzig, 1893) · early fifth century CE; the dialogue is set in the 380s

  • 12.9… ut Homerus naturae conscius ait Ἆρες Ἄρες βροτολοιγὲ μιαιφόνε τειχεσιβλῆτα secundus Veneri …ruin of mortals

βρῶσις

noun

food; eating Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.22.26πολὺς δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ περὶ τὰς βρώσεις ἐγένετο πόνος. οὐ γὰρ εὐπετῶς προσίεντο ταύτας. …food

Βυζάντιον

name

Byzantium Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 5 uses

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.22.9… μεσόγειον ἀνέβαινε χώραν. δευτέρῳ δὲ ἔτει ἐς Βυζάντιον μεσοῦντος τοῦ ἦρος ἀφίκετο,Byzantium
  • 2.23.1Ἡ μὲν οὖν νόσος ἐν Βυζαντίῳ ἐς τέσσαρας διῆλθε μῆνας, ἤκμασε δὲ ἐν τρισὶ …Byzantium
  • 2.23.17… ἀγοράζοντά τινα οὐκ εὐπετὲς ἐδόκει εἶναι ἔν γε Βυζαντίῳ ἰδεῖν, ἀλλ’ οἴκοι καθήμενοι ἅπαντες ὅσοις …Byzantium
  • 2.23.20… εἰπεῖν, χλαμύδα οὐκ ἦν ἐνδιδυσκόμενόν τινα ἐν Βυζαντίῳ τὸ παράπαν ἰδεῖν, ἄλλως τε ἡνίκα βασιλεῖ …Byzantium
  • 2.23.21… ἀμφὶ τῷ λοιμῷ ἔν τε τῇ ἄλλῃ Ῥωμαίων γῇ καὶ ἐν Βυζαντίῳ ταύτῃ πη ἔσχεν. ἐπέσκηψε δὲ καὶ ἐς τὴν Περσῶν …Byzantium