Hearth Interactive

Words · Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek: G

γάρ

conjunction, particle, adverb

for, because; indeed Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 67 uses

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.47.4οὔτε γὰρ ἰατροὶ ἤρκουν τὸ πρῶτον θεραπεύοντες ἀγνοίᾳ, …for
  • 2.48.2… φάρμακα ἐσβεβλήκοιεν ἐς τὰ φρέατα· κρῆναι γὰρ οὔπω ἦσαν αὐτόθι. ὕστερον δὲ καὶ ἐς τὴν ἄνω …for
  • 2.49.1τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἔτος, ὡς ὡμολογεῖτο, ἐκ πάντων μάλιστα δὴ …for
  • 2.49.7διεξῄει γὰρ διὰ παντὸς τοῦ σώματος ἄνωθεν ἀρξάμενον τὸ ἐν …for
  • 2.49.8κατέσκηπτε γὰρ ἐς αἰδοῖα καὶ ἐς ἄκρας χεῖρας καὶ πόδας, καὶ …for
  • 2.50.1γενόμενον γὰρ κρεῖσσον λόγου τὸ εἶδος τῆς νόσου τά τε ἄλλα …for

γαστήρ

noun

belly, stomach Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

A young wife learns to run the house Xenophon, Oeconomicus (Household Management), chapters 7–9 (about 360 BCE), in the edition of E. C. Marchant (Oxford, 1900) · about 360 BCE; the exact year is not known

  • 7.6… ταλάσια θεραπαίναις δίδοται; ἐπεὶ τά γε ἀμφὶ γαστέρα, ἔφη, πάνυ καλῶς, ὦ Σώκρατες, ἦλθε …belly

γε

particle

at least, indeed Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 19 uses

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.47.3… καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις χωρίοις, οὐ μέντοι τοσοῦτός γε λοιμὸς οὐδὲ φθορὰ οὕτως ἀνθρώπων οὐδαμοῦ …at least
  • 2.49.7… καὶ εἴ τις ἐκ τῶν μεγίστων περιγένοιτο, τῶν γε ἀκρωτηρίων ἀντίληψις αὐτοῦ ἐπεσήμαινεν.at least
  • 2.54.3… πρὸς ἃ ἔπασχον τὴν μνήμην ἐποιοῦντο. ἢν δέ γε οἶμαί ποτε ἄλλος πόλεμος καταλάβῃ Δωρικὸς τοῦδε …at least
  • 2.60.7… πολεμεῖν ἐπείσθητε, οὐκ ἂν εἰκότως νῦν τοῦ γε ἀδικεῖν αἰτίαν φεροίμην.at least
  • 2.65.3οὐ μέντοι πρότερόν γε οἱ ξύμπαντες ἐπαύσαντο ἐν ὀργῇ ἔχοντες αὐτὸν …at least

A young wife learns to run the house Xenophon, Oeconomicus (Household Management), chapters 7–9 (about 360 BCE), in the edition of E. C. Marchant (Oxford, 1900) · about 360 BCE; the exact year is not known

  • 7.6… ὡς ἔργα ταλάσια θεραπαίναις δίδοται; ἐπεὶ τά γε ἀμφὶ γαστέρα, ἔφη, πάνυ καλῶς, ὦ Σώκρατες, ἦλθε …at least, indeed

γελοῖος

adjective

laughable, ridiculous Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 2 uses

A young wife learns to run the house Xenophon, Oeconomicus (Household Management), chapters 7–9 (about 360 BCE), in the edition of E. C. Marchant (Oxford, 1900) · about 360 BCE; the exact year is not known

  • 7.39… ἐμέ. ἡ γὰρ ἐμὴ φυλακὴ τῶν ἔνδον καὶ διανομὴ γελοία τις ἄν, οἶμαι, φαίνοιτο, εἰ μὴ σύγε ἐπιμελοῖο …ridiculous
  • 7.40Γελοία δ’ αὖ, ἔφην ἐγώ, ἡ ἐμὴ εἰσφορὰ φαίνοιτ’ ἄν, εἰ …ridiculous

γένος

genos

race, family, kin; kind Drafted; not yet checked.

Relatives of English kin

g became k. German Kind, "child," comes from the same root.

Drafted; not yet checked. Play Family Reunion

γένυς

genys

jaw; cheek Drafted; not yet checked.

Relatives of English chin

The old g became k in Germanic. Latin gena and Greek genys kept the g. The older words meant the cheek or jaw.

Drafted; not yet checked. Play Family Reunion

γέρανος

geranos

crane (the bird) Drafted; not yet checked.

Relatives of English crane

g became k in English and German. Greek and Welsh kept the g. The bird is probably named for its cry.

Drafted; not yet checked. Play Family Reunion

γεύομαι

geuomai

taste Drafted; not yet checked.

Relatives of English choose

g became k in Germanic; before a front vowel Old English k became ch (cēosan, choose). German kiesen is old-fashioned now. Latin gustāre and Greek geuomai kept g and mean 'taste'.

Drafted; not yet checked. Play Family Reunion

γεύω

verb

give a taste; taste Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.50.1… πολλῶν ἀτάφων γιγνομένων ἢ οὐ προσῄει ἢ γευσάμενα διεφθείρετο.having tasted

γεωργός

noun

farmer Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

A young wife learns to run the house Xenophon, Oeconomicus (Household Management), chapters 7–9 (about 360 BCE), in the edition of E. C. Marchant (Oxford, 1900) · about 360 BCE; the exact year is not known

  • 8.9… δ’ ἀταξία ὅμοιόν τί μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι οἷόνπερ εἰ γεωργὸς ὁμοῦ ἐμβάλοι κριθὰς καὶ πυροὺς καὶ ὄσπρια, …farmer

γῆ

noun

earth, land Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 11 uses

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.48.1… Αἴγυπτον καὶ Λιβύην κατέβη καὶ ἐς τὴν βασιλέως γῆν τὴν πολλήν.land
  • 2.54.1… ἐπιέζοντο, ἀνθρώπων τ’ ἔνδον θνῃσκόντων καὶ γῆς ἔξω δῃουμένης.land
  • 2.57.1ὅσον δὲ χρόνον οἵ τε Πελοποννήσιοι ἦσαν ἐν τῇ γῇ τῇ Ἀθηναίων καὶ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐστράτευον ἐπὶ τῶν …land
  • 2.57.1… εἴη καὶ θάπτοντας ἅμα ᾐσθάνοντο, θᾶσσον ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἐξελθεῖν.land
  • 2.59.1… ἐσβολὴν τῶν Πελοποννησίων οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι, ὡς ἥ τε γῆ αὐτῶν ἐτέτμητο τὸ δεύτερον καὶ ἡ νόσος ἐπέκειτο …land

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.22.3οὐ γὰρ ἐπὶ μέρους τῆς γῆς οὐδὲ ἀνθρώπων τισὶ γέγονεν οὐδέ τινα ὥραν τοῦ …earth

γηροβοσκός

noun

one who supports parents in old age Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

A young wife learns to run the house Xenophon, Oeconomicus (Household Management), chapters 7–9 (about 360 BCE), in the edition of E. C. Marchant (Oxford, 1900) · about 360 BCE; the exact year is not known

  • 7.12… κοινὸν γὰρ ἡμῖν καὶ τοῦτο ἀγαθόν, συμμάχων καὶ γηροβοσκῶν ὅτι βελτίστων τυγχάνειν·supporters in old age

γίγνομαι

verb

become; come into being, be born; happen Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 49 uses

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.47.3… πω ἡμέρας ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ ἡ νόσος πρῶτον ἤρξατο γενέσθαι τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις, λεγόμενον μὲν καὶ πρότερον …to arise
  • 2.47.3… οὐδὲ φθορὰ οὕτως ἀνθρώπων οὐδαμοῦ ἐμνημονεύετο γενέσθαι.to have occurred
  • 2.48.3… καὶ ἰατρὸς καὶ ἰδιώτης, ἀφ’ ὅτου εἰκὸς ἦν γενέσθαι αὐτό, καὶ τὰς αἰτίας ἅστινας νομίζει τοσαύτης …to have arisen
  • 2.48.3… δύναμιν ἐς τὸ μεταστῆσαι σχεῖν· ἐγὼ δὲ οἷόν τε ἐγίγνετο λέξω, καὶ ἀφ’ ὧν ἄν τις σκοπῶν, εἴ ποτε καὶ …it was
  • 2.50.1γενόμενον γὰρ κρεῖσσον λόγου τὸ εἶδος τῆς νόσου τά τε …having become
  • 2.50.1… τετράποδα ὅσα ἀνθρώπων ἅπτεται, πολλῶν ἀτάφων γιγνομένων ἢ οὐ προσῄει ἢ γευσάμενα διεφθείρετο.lying

γιγνώσκω

gignōskō

verb

know, come to know, recognize; judge, decide Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 9 uses

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.48.3λεγέτω μὲν οὖν περὶ αὐτοῦ ὡς ἕκαστος γιγνώσκει καὶ ἰατρὸς καὶ ἰδιώτης, ἀφ’ ὅτου εἰκὸς ἦν …judges
  • 2.60.5… ἀνδρὶ ὀργίζεσθε ὃς οὐδενὸς ἥσσων οἴομαι εἶναι γνῶναί τε τὰ δέοντα καὶ ἑρμηνεῦσαι ταῦτα, φιλόπολίς τε …at recognizing
  • 2.60.6ὅ τε γὰρ γνοὺς καὶ μὴ σαφῶς διδάξας ἐν ἴσῳ καὶ εἰ μὴ …who has understood
  • 2.61.2… ταπεινὴ ὑμῶν ἡ διάνοια ἐγκαρτερεῖν ἃ ἔγνωτε.you resolved
  • 2.64.3γνῶτε δὲ ὄνομα μέγιστον αὐτὴν ἔχουσαν ἐν ἅπασιν …know
  • 2.65.6… ἓξ μῆνας· καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἀπέθανεν, ἐπὶ πλέον ἔτι ἐγνώσθη ἡ πρόνοια αὐτοῦ ἡ ἐς τὸν πόλεμον.was recognized

Relatives of English know

The old g became k, and the k of know was said aloud for centuries. Greek kept the g (γιγνώσκω); Latin lost it (nōscere, once gnōscere).

Drafted; not yet checked. Play Family Reunion

γλῶσσα

noun

tongue; language Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 2 uses

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.49.2… ἐλάμβανε, καὶ τὰ ἐντός, ἥ τε φάρυγξ καὶ ἡ γλῶσσα, εὐθὺς αἱματώδη ἦν καὶ πνεῦμα ἄτοπον καὶ …tongue

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.22.39ἄλλοις τε οὐκ ἐπ’ ἀκεραίῳ τῇ γλώσσῃ περιγενέσθαι τετύχηκεν, ἀλλ’ ἢ τραυλίζουσιν, ἢ …tongue

γνώμη

noun

mind, judgment; opinion; intention Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 10 uses

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.51.4… (πρὸς γὰρ τὸ ἀνέλπιστον εὐθὺς τραπόμενοι τῇ γνώμῃ πολλῷ μᾶλλον προΐεντο σφᾶς αὐτοὺς καὶ οὐκ …in mind
  • 2.59.1… ἐπέκειτο ἅμα καὶ ὁ πόλεμος, ἠλλοίωντο τὰς γνώμας,minds
  • 2.59.2… ὡς αὐτοὺς ἄπρακτοι ἐγένοντο. πανταχόθεν τε τῇ γνώμῃ ἄποροι καθεστηκότες ἐνέκειντο τῷ Περικλεῖ.in judgment
  • 2.59.3… θαρσῦναί τε καὶ ἀπαγαγὼν τὸ ὀργιζόμενον τῆς γνώμης πρὸς τὸ ἠπιώτερον καὶ ἀδεέστερον καταστῆσαι· …mind
  • 2.61.2… καὶ τὸν ἐμὸν λόγον ἐν τῷ ὑμετέρῳ ἀσθενεῖ τῆς γνώμης μὴ ὀρθὸν φαίνεσθαι, διότι τὸ μὲν λυποῦν ἔχει …judgment
  • 2.64.6… βαρυνόμενοι, ὡς οἵτινες πρὸς τὰς ξυμφορὰς γνώμῃ μὲν ἥκιστα λυποῦνται, ἔργῳ δὲ μάλιστα …in mind

γνώριμος

adjective

well-known, notable; acquaintance Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.23.5διὸ δὴ ξυνέβη τισὶ τῶν γνωρίμων τῇ ἀπορίᾳ ἡμέρας πολλὰς ἀτάφοις εἶναι. Ἔς τε …notable people

γνώρισμα

noun

mark, sign, token Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.22.37… ἡ ἀκμὴ ἐς τοῦτο ἐλελωφήκει τοῦ ἄνθρακος, γνώρισμά τε τῆς ὑγείας τοῦτο ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον …sign

γόνυ

gony

knee Drafted; not yet checked.

Relatives of English knee

g became k. English once said the k, as German still does.

Drafted; not yet checked. Play Family Reunion

γοῦν

adverb, particle

at any rate, at least Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 3 uses

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.65.9ὁπότε γοῦν αἴσθοιτό τι αὐτοὺς παρὰ καιρὸν ὕβρει …at any rate

The Plague at Constantinople Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 2 (chapters 22–23) · c. 550 (events of 542; Books 1–7 made public in 551 at the earliest)

  • 2.22.29Ἀπορούμενοι γοῦν τῶν τινες ἰατρῶν τῇ τῶν ξυμπιπτόντων ἀγνοίᾳ τό …at any rate
  • 2.23.19ἐν πόλει γοῦν ἀγαθοῖς ἅπασιν ἀτεχνῶς εὐθηνούσῃ λιμός τις …at any rate

γράμμα

noun

letter (of the alphabet); writing; in the plural, learning Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

The Plague at My Country House, and a Life for a Life Aelius Aristides, Sacred Tales II and V · early 170s CE (plague events of the mid-160s, probably 165 or 166)

  • C14… δʼ αὐτὰ Ἀλκίμῳ πατρὶ τῆς κόρης, καὶ δὴ καὶ γράμματα ἔχειν, εἴτε δὴ σεσημασμένα εἴτε καὶ μή· ἃ τὸν …written pages

γράφω

verb

write; draw Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 2 uses

The Plague at My Country House, and a Life for a Life Aelius Aristides, Sacred Tales II and V · early 170s CE (plague events of the mid-160s, probably 165 or 166)

  • C14… νύκτωρ ἀκούσαντα παρʼ αὐτῆς ἀπομνημονεύσαντα γράψασθαι, θαυμαστὰ πλήθει καὶ δυνάμει, φέροντα εἰς ἐμὲ, …to have written down
  • C22… ἅπαντα ἐν βιβλίοις τισὶν ἐγγεγραμμένα, ἃ πάντα γράψαντος τοῦ Ἀλκίμου ἐδόκει ἀποκομίζειν ὁ Τελεσφόρος …having written

γυμνικός

adjective

athletic, gymnastic Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

A young wife learns to run the house Xenophon, Oeconomicus (Household Management), chapters 7–9 (about 360 BCE), in the edition of E. C. Marchant (Oxford, 1900) · about 360 BCE; the exact year is not known

  • 7.9… ἂν ἥδιόν σου διηγουμένου ἀκούοιμι ἢ εἴ μοι γυμνικὸν ἢ ἱππικὸν ἀγῶνα τὸν κάλλιστον διηγοῖο.athletic

γυμνός

adjective

naked; lightly clad Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

The Plague at Athens, and Pericles Answers the Athenians Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2 (sections 47–65) · after 430 BCE (events of 430–429 BCE)

  • 2.49.5… καὶ σινδόνων τὰς ἐπιβολὰς μηδ’ ἄλλο τι ἢ γυμνοὶ ἀνέχεσθαι, ἥδιστά τε ἂν ἐς ὕδωρ ψυχρὸν σφᾶς …naked

γυναικωνῖτις

noun

women's quarters Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library

A young wife learns to run the house Xenophon, Oeconomicus (Household Management), chapters 7–9 (about 360 BCE), in the edition of E. C. Marchant (Oxford, 1900) · about 360 BCE; the exact year is not known

  • 9.4… ἐστι, τοῦ δὲ θέρους εὔσκιος. ἔδειξα δὲ καὶ τὴν γυναικωνῖτιν αὐτῇ, θύρᾳ βαλανωτῇ ὡρισμένην ἀπὸ τῆς …women’s quarters

γυνή

gynē

noun

woman; wife Drafted; not yet checked.

In the library · 17 uses

A young wife learns to run the house Xenophon, Oeconomicus (Household Management), chapters 7–9 (about 360 BCE), in the edition of E. C. Marchant (Oxford, 1900) · about 360 BCE; the exact year is not known

  • 7.6… ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ παίδευμα εἶναι καὶ ἀνδρὶ καὶ γυναικί.woman
  • 7.7… ἔφην ἐγώ, ὦ Ἰσχόμαχε, αὐτὸς ἐπαίδευσας τὴν γυναῖκα ὥστε ἱκανὴν εἶναι ὧν προσήκει ἐπιμελεῖσθαι; Οὐ …wife, woman
  • 7.7… ἀμφοτέροις ἡμῖν. Οὐκοῦν, ἔφην ἐγώ, καὶ ἡ γυνή σοι συνέθυε καὶ συνηύχετο ταὐτὰ ταῦτα;wife, woman
  • 7.14ἀπεκρίνατο δέ μοι, ὦ Σώκρατες, πρὸς ταῦτα ἡ γυνή· Τί δ’ ἂν ἐγώ σοι, ἔφη, δυναίμην συμπρᾶξαι; τίς …wife, woman
  • 7.15Ναὶ μὰ Δί’, ἔφην ἐγώ, ὦ γύναι, καὶ γὰρ ἐμοὶ ὁ πατήρ. ἀλλὰ σωφρόνων τοί ἐστι …wife
  • 7.15… ὁ πατήρ. ἀλλὰ σωφρόνων τοί ἐστι καὶ ἀνδρὸς καὶ γυναικὸς οὕτω ποιεῖν, ὅπως τά τε ὄντα ὡς βέλτιστα ἕξει …woman’s

Relatives of English queen

The old word meant 'woman, wife'. Old gw became kw (qu) in English and Gothic (queen, qinō); Greek lost the w (gynē), and Sanskrit has j (jani).

Drafted; not yet checked. Play Family Reunion